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A vital component of business activities is managing transportation, especially for those Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) trying to stay competitive in the current fast-paced market. With a powerful solution designed to satisfy the particular requirements of SMEs, SAP Transportation Management (SAP TM) guarantees streamlined, economical, and successful logistics operations. Here are some reasons why SMEs should choose SAP TM.

Scalability and cost-effectiveness
SMEs face several challenges, one of which is controlling expenses as they expand. A scalable platform that expands with your business is offered by SAP TM. Because of its modular design, SMEs can begin with the most basic capabilities and add more sophisticated ones progressively as needed. Because this strategy guarantees that companies only pay for what they use, SAP TM is an affordable option.

Improved Scheduling for Transportation
Minimum delay & smallest achievable transportation expenses are achieved through efficient planning. SMEs may optimize their transportation routes, schedules, and carrier choices with the help of SAP TM. SMEs may achieve effective route planning and load optimization, lowering fuel costs and speeding up delivery times, by utilizing cutting-edge algorithms and real-time data.

Enhanced Monitoring and Observation
For SMEs to keep control of their supply chains, real-time visibility into transportation operations is essential. With SAP TM’s extensive monitoring features, companies can keep an eye on shipments in real-time. Proactive problem-solving, on-time delivery, and increased customer satisfaction are all made possible by this improved visibility.

Easily Integrated with Different Systems
SMEs frequently employ a variety of systems for distinct business purposes. SAP TM interfaces with third-party apps along with additional components of SAP like the SAP ERP system and SAP S/4HANA with ease. This interface minimizes faults & decreases human entry of data while guaranteeing a seamless flow between data across departments.

Easier Administration of Freight Costs
Freight cost management can be challenging, particularly for SMEs with little funding. The freight cost computation, simulation, and settlement processes are made simpler by the SAP TM Module. Businesses can more effectively predict transportation expenses, bargain with carriers for lower prices, and expedite the invoicing process by automating these procedures.

Improved Cooperation with Transport Companies
Successful transportation management requires effective communication and teamwork with carriers. SAP TM offers booking confirmations, audits of performance, and also tendering procedures as well as other capabilities that facilitate improved carrier cooperation. By fostering a solid relationship between SMEs and carriers, these components ensure reliable service and more affordable rates.

Availability of Advanced Analytics
Making decisions based on data is essential to increasing operational effectiveness. SMEs may assess transportation performance, spot patterns, and make wise decisions by utilizing the powerful analytics and reporting capabilities that SAP TM provides. Businesses may continuously enhance their supply chain management by receiving access to key performance metrics (KPIs) and personalized reports.

In summary

A strong tool that can revolutionize SMEs’ transportation and logistical processes is SAP Transportation Management (SAP TM). SAP TM helps SMEs improve their operations, cut costs, and boost customer satisfaction by offering sophisticated analytics, improved planning, real-time visibility, seamless integration, simpler freight cost management, and increased carrier collaboration. SMEs hoping to maximize transportation management and attain sustainable growth may find that embracing SAP TM changes everything.

Introduction
The multistep process of developing and implementing an information system is referred to as the System Development Life Cycle. There are various SDLC models with each consisting of a series of defined phases or steps. This paper discusses two types of System Life Cycle Models: Seven steps model and the spiral model.

Seven step model
Planning
The objectives and requirements of the project are determined at the planning step. An estimation of resources including costs and personnel is also made in relation to the proposed project. The available information is analyzed, and alternative solutions are considered. When the most viable alternative is arrived at, the information is put together into a project plan. (Jeremy, 2008)

System Analysis
The end user requirements are determined at this phase. The project team determines the end-user requirements with the assistance of customer focus groups, which present their needs and expectations on the system and how it will perform. The needs and requirements are documented in this phase. (Jeremy, 2008)

System design
The design step is the architectural phase of system development. Charts are used to show the flow of data processing, and the project team establishes the most logical design. The operations and functions of the system under development are described in detail during this phase. Reviews on the design are also conducted to ensure the design addresses efficiency, practicality, cost, security, and flexibility. (Jeremy, 2008)

System development
During the system development phase, the system developers execute the requirements of the design step. Actual user interface screens and database are designed by the developers, the code for the data flow process are also generated in this phase. The system development phase entails the conversion of the detailed design into a finished product. (Jeremy, 2008)

Testing phase
The testing phase involves the testing of all aspects of the system for performance and functionality. The whole system is tested for integration with other products and other previous versions with which it requires interacting. Fundamentally, the main purpose of the testing step is to validate that the system includes all the end user requirements reflected in the analysis step. Additionally, the testing phase also ensures that all the functions are accurately functioning; that the system is aligned to the standards of the business and the end users and that the system works with all other systems including the previous systems. (Jeremy, 2008)

Implementation Phase
The implementation phase entails the deployment and installation of the system in end user’s premises, ready to become running. End user training may be required to ensure that they can effectively use the system. The length of implementation is dependent on the complexity of the system.

Maintenance Phase
The maintenance phase is carried out on a periodic basis to ensure that the system does not become obsolete. Maintenance involves continuous evaluation of system’s performance. It also entails providing latest updates for particular system components to ensure that it meets the right standards. (Jeremy, 2008)

Spiral model
The Spiral Lifecycle model is comparable to the Incremental model except that it incorporates a risk analysis process. A project passes through four phases repeatedly in sequence in spirals. Critical requirements are identified for the first spiral at the start of the process while the Subsequent spirals add functionality to the baseline spiral. (University of Maryland, 2007)

Planning Phase
The business clearly defines its high-level requirements and project goals during this phase. The need and purpose of the system are also established and documented during this step. Key rules are also identified here in the initiation phase. The planning phase entails defining timelines, resources and other project related information. Interviews are conducted to help in developing a comprehensive system that fits users’ requirements. (University of Maryland, 2007)

Risk Analysis
The risk analysis step is fundamental to assess both management and technical risks associated with the project. Risks are identified, and alternative solutions are developed to address factors that may deter the successful completion of the system. (Shelly & Harry, 2009)

Engineering step
A representation of the system is built at this phase. A prototype is tested against the risk evaluated based on the expectations of the end users. The prototype is refined and rectified until end user expectations are achieved.

Evaluation
The final system is thoroughly evaluated during this step. End user feedback is required on which to base the evaluation.

The figure shows spiral model representing four phases; planning, risk analysis, engineering, and evaluation. The radius component represents the project cost while the angular component represents the progress in the current spiral.

Comparing the two models
Spiral Life Cycle Model represents a very flexible system lifecycle model. The seven step model is a rigid life cycle model system on the other hand. The project manager in a spiral model can determine the development phases according to the complexity of the project. The spiral model is transparent as Project monitoring is very effective and easy given that each phase and each loop is reviewed by concerned people. The seven step model does not allow much interaction with the end users during its development. This makes it less transparent. Gary (Shelly & Harry, 2009)

The spiral model is more attractive compared to the seven step model as Risk Management is an inbuilt feature of the model. In a spiral model, alterations can easily be introduced later in the life cycle. Coping with such changes isn’t a difficult task for a spiral model project manager. The introduction of changes in the seven step model presents a difficulty.

Spiral models are appropriate for high-risk projects, where business requirements may be unstable. They are not suitable for low-risk projects. Seven step models suit low-risk projects where projects are not exposed to high risks to warrant detailed risk analysis.

Spiral Model usually involves high cost compared to the seven step model. Seven step models are cheaper since risk analysis is not fundamental to the development process. They do not also require expertise to carry out these steps. (Valacich et al, 2015)

Protocols and Rules need to be followed properly to successfully implement the spiral model. The factor makes it tough as they should be followed throughout the span of the project. Seven step model is easy to develop rules, and protocols are not detailed or complex. In the spiral model, using the same prototype in future presents a difficulty as a result of various customizations allowed from the client.

Grooming education and foundation to start a system of vast advancement is a typical terminology. Sphere of encroachment is going on in a vast scale and it stimulate the problems of edification and eradicate to a vast scale. The main importance of a healthy society is a literate society. With a punctual and systematically rolls of heading process of educational stratum the leap of sound and healthy society can be formed. The customary loom for education has made an override to big area of systematic literacy. The field of education is very big and strong and to choose among various options is a typical job to handle. Education is a single form of support that makes a person not liable and reliable to literacy. Whole world is expanding and any miniature of proper teaching and guidance can only be withdrawn by systematic educational pattern. Every flow of knowledge is never a waste, it erupts widely and commands the extension of literacy and motivates in the growth of the society.

The field of education is a jaw dropping stage and it stimulates the passive into a active root. India has lots of diversities and being a holy country it has a vast coverage for educational scenario. Country with twenty nine states has mastered itself in the field of education. The grand openings of number of educational institutions and colleges have made a legal view to supplement the literacy level of the country to the entire world. One of the very popular states in India that has remarked itself as one of the most supportive state in promoting education is Odisha. Odisha is the only state that has flourished its wings of engineering field to a large extent. From the very beginning the state has supported engineering education a lot.

The Engineering Colleges in Odisha is the foundation for the growth of the state. The state provides a major group of vast faculties with advance premises and infrastructure. The opening of such empowerment has grouped the linkage of many people. The state is rich with quality teachers and ragging free environment. With the flourishing state the capital of the state has also done some remarkable works. Bhubaneswar being a city of devotes is nothing less in imparting knowledge. The city has remarkable growth in the engineering sector it produces more than thousands of aspirants every year. The city has enriched itself with vast number of students and provides quality teaching and support to the migrated students.

Every Engineering College in Bhubaneswar is well situated with systematic procession of their workings goes on. There are several facilities that have made the city the library of the whole state. With pleasing surrounding and technical impartment of knowledge the city has managed some of its college to get the top ten rank holders in the country. Education is never a waste it gets utilised if acted properly. Every sector has a mass impact and education is one of them. It is a live screening of the city that shows how engineering has got a temperamental position in the hearts of public.